Journeys into Vedic Thought
Long-form, researched essays on the deities, language, ritual and history of the Rig Veda. All free to read.
No articles match your search. Clear →
The God Named 'Who': An Invitation to the Rigveda's Great Questions
A hymn ends nine times with the same unanswered question, and centuries later Vedic tradition answered it by inventing a god literally named 'Who?'. That small scandal is the best doorway into the Rigveda.
The God Who Fell Silent: Dyaus Pita and the Faded Sky Father
Dyaus is the one Rigvedic god whose name we can pronounce with confidence across five thousand years: he is Zeus, he is Jupiter. Yet in the Rigveda he has no hymn of his own. This is the story of the Sky Father who ruled everywhere else and dissolved into the background in India.
Devas into Demons: The Rigveda, the Avesta, and the Asura-Daeva Reversal
The Rigveda and the Avesta share almost the same vocabulary of gods and demons, but the words point in opposite directions. What Indian priests came to call demons, Iranian priests called their supreme god, and vice versa. This is the story of a single Indo-Iranian schism, told through the actual verses on both sides.
The Goddess with One Hymn: Aranyani and the Rigveda's Only Song to the Forest
Of the Rigveda's 1,028 hymns, exactly one addresses the forest itself as a goddess, and that hymn asks her for nothing. A close reading of RV 10.146 opens onto a real scholarly argument about what the collection's margins can tell us.
The Roaring Bull of the Sky: Parjanya, the Rig Veda's Rain God and the Indo-European Thunderer
Only three hymns of the Rig Veda are addressed to Parjanya, the roaring rain-bull who fertilizes the earth. Yet his name may preserve a thread reaching back to a Proto-Indo-European storm god, one that also surfaces in Lithuanian Perkūnas and Slavic Perun. The match is tantalizing and far from settled.
Mitra: The Contract God and the Oldest Dated Witness to a Vedic Name
Mitra owns exactly one hymn in the Rigveda, yet his name is the earliest dated trace of any Vedic deity, scratched into a Hittite treaty around 1380 BCE. This is the story of a god who binds, and what a clay tablet in Anatolia tells us about when the Veda was young.
The Body That Became the World: Reading the Puruṣa Sūkta (RV 10.90)
A late Rigvedic hymn imagines the universe built from a dismembered giant, and in one verse derives the four social classes from his body. Here is what the text actually says, why scholars date it late, and how it preserves a creation myth older than Sanskrit.
The Long-Haired One: Reading the Keśin Hymn (RV 10.136) and the Vedic Roots of Ecstasy
A close reading of the Rigveda's strangest seven verses, where wind-girdled ascetics fly with the gods and drink poison beside Rudra. What this hymn does and does not tell us about the origins of yoga, asceticism, and ecstatic flight in ancient India.
The God You Pray Away: Rudra, the Archer Who Heals, and the Long Prehistory of Śiva
Rudra gets only three hymns in the Rigveda, yet he is the most carefully handled god in the collection. The poets praise his arrows so he will aim them elsewhere, and call him kind so he will become so. This is how a feared archer turned into Śiva.
The Goddess Who Is Her Own Hymn: Vāc and the Self-Praise of Speech in Rigveda 10.125
In one short hymn of the Rigveda, the goddess Speech praises herself in the first person, claiming to carry the gods and pervade the cosmos. A close reading of RV 10.125 and the long afterlife of deified Vāc.