Journeys into Vedic Thought
Long-form, researched essays on the deities, language, ritual and history of the Rig Veda. All free to read.
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Of the Same Age, in the Same Nest: The Maruts and the Indo-European War-Band
The Maruts are the Rigveda's storm troop: dozens of young men of one age, armed, loud, and devoted to Indra. A line of scholarship reads them as the divine mirror of a real institution, the Indo-European youth war-band. The reading is powerful, and its history is uncomfortable.
Cracking the Cave: The Vala Myth and the Recovery of the Dawn Cattle
A demon named Enclosure hides the cattle, the dawn, and the sun inside a rock. The gods break it open with song. This is the Rigveda's other great combat myth, and it argues that the universe is held together by correctly spoken words.
The God You Pray Away: Rudra, the Archer Who Heals, and the Long Prehistory of Śiva
Rudra gets only three hymns in the Rigveda, yet he is the most carefully handled god in the collection. The poets praise his arrows so he will aim them elsewhere, and call him kind so he will become so. This is how a feared archer turned into Śiva.
Tvaṣṭṛ and the Ṛbhus: Divine Craft and the Artisan Theology of the Rigveda
The Rigveda's artisan deities, Tvaṣṭṛ the divine fashioner and the three mortal Ṛbhus who won immortality through craft, reveal a Vedic theology where making rivals praying. Their myths encode real tensions about skill, authority, and who gets to be a god.
Vishnu's Three Strides: How a Minor Rigvedic God Became Supreme
Vishnu commands only six dedicated hymns in the Rigveda, roughly half a percent of the corpus, yet he became the supreme deity of later Hinduism. How a striding solar ally of Indra transformed into the lord of the universe.
Indra's 250 Hymns: War-God, Rain-Bringer, or Something Else Entirely?
Indra dominates the Rigveda like no other deity: roughly a quarter of the corpus is addressed to him. Yet the Indra of the hymns is stranger and more varied than the dragon-slayer of popular summary. He is a rain-bringer, a cosmic orderer, a drunkard, a doubter, and eventually a god whom later Hinduism will quietly demote.