Rig Veda 5.38 - Indra
- Primary deity
- Indra
- Rishi family
- Atri and the Atreya line
- Verses
- 5
- Location
- Mandala 5, Sukta 38
This Sukta is the 38th hymn of Mandala 5, a book of 87 hymns known as The Atri Mandala. Its 5 verses are addressed chiefly to Indra, and are given here in Devanagari, IAST transliteration and Griffith’s English rendering. By tradition the hymns of this Mandala belong to Atri and the Atreya line.
The text is preserved here in three registers: the Devanagari Sanskrit of the Samhita, a scholarly IAST romanisation, and Ralph T. H. Griffith's 1896 English translation. Where our editors have published a verse-by-verse commentary it appears beneath the relevant Rik below, adding philological and contextual reading beyond the base translation.
Verses
Commentary
Certainly! Let us explore Rig Veda Book 5, Hymn 38, Verse 2 in depth, honoring its ancient wisdom while making its message clear and relevant for today.
Essential Meaning in Simple Language
This verse is a praise to Indra, the mighty Vedic deity. It says:
“Indra, you possess a kind of nourishment or blessing that is renowned and celebrated. This gift of yours is famous for its reach and strength, golden in appearance, and impossible for anyone to overcome.”
Deeper Philosophical or Spiritual Significance
At its heart, the verse is not just about physical food, but about the spiritual and material abundance Indra bestows. Indra’s gift is described as ‘śravāyyam iṣam’—renowned sustenance. This can be understood as:
- The life-sustaining forces (material prosperity, spiritual energy, inspiration)
- The blessings that empower and protect, allowing one to thrive and overcome obstacles
Golden-hued (hiraṇyavarṇa) evokes the idea of radiance, purity, and preciousness—symbolizing not just wealth, but the illuminating qualities of divine grace.
Invincible (duṣṭaram) means this blessing cannot be thwarted or taken away by negative forces. It’s a protection, an enduring strength.
The verse thus teaches: True abundance—spiritual or material—comes from aligning with the divine source, and is radiant, far-reaching, and unassailable when rooted in higher consciousness.
Key Deities, Concepts, and Metaphors
- Indra: Chief of the Vedic gods, symbol of strength, courage, and the power to overcome obstacles. In human terms, he represents our inner capacity for victory, leadership, and the harnessing of energy.
- Sustenance/Nourishment (iṣaṃ): More than food; it’s all that sustains life—physical vitality, mental inspiration, spiritual wisdom.
- Golden-hued (hiraṇyavarṇa): Gold is a universal symbol of purity, value, and illumination.
- Invincible (duṣṭaram): That which cannot be destroyed—suggesting the eternal, the unwavering.
Connection to Universal Human Experience and Modern Life
In today’s world, people seek abundance, security, and purpose. This verse reminds us:
- True prosperity is not just about material wealth, but about qualities that are widely celebrated—integrity, wisdom, and generosity.
- Invincible strength comes from tapping into the deeper sources of inspiration and resilience, much like Indra’s inexhaustible power.
- Radiance and fame are not about ego, but about living so that one’s actions shine and benefit others, becoming ‘widely renowned’ for good deeds or positive influence.
For the modern seeker, this verse encourages us to:
- Seek sustenance that feeds both body and soul.
- Cultivate inner strength and resilience, making your gifts to the world lasting and impactful.
- Let your life be golden-hued—filled with light, positivity, and value.
- Trust that true blessings, when rooted in higher purpose, are invincible and enduring.
Historical and Cultural Context
In Vedic society, hymns to Indra often sought blessings for victory, prosperity, and protection. The ‘food’ in the verse could refer to literal nourishment, the fruits of the earth, or the rewards of virtuous action. The widespread fame of Indra’s gifts reflects the ideal of living in such a way that one’s positive impact reaches far and wide.
Reflective Closing
This ancient verse invites us to contemplate:
What is the source of your strength and abundance? Is it fleeting, or is it rooted in something eternal and radiant?
By connecting with the divine qualities within—strength, generosity, brilliance—we can manifest blessings that are truly renowned, deeply nourishing, and unbreakable.
In summary:
The Rig Veda here celebrates the highest, most enduring gifts—those which sustain, illuminate, and protect. In every age, the greatest wealth is not in possessions, but in the radiant, invincible qualities we cultivate and share.
Commentary
Certainly. Let’s gently unfold the meaning and significance of Rig Veda 5.38.3 for today’s seeker.
Verse (in context):
शुष्मासो ये ते अद्रिवो मेहना केतसापः |
उभा देवाव अभिष्टये दिवश च गमश च राजथः ||
Essential Meaning (in simple terms):
This verse addresses a divine power, often identified as Indra—the mighty wielder of the thunderbolt (“Darter of the Stone”). It praises the force and energies (shushma, powers) that are at the deity’s command, which act swiftly and purposefully. The verse acknowledges that both the god and these divine energies rule over heaven and earth, working together for the welfare and protection of all.
Deeper Philosophical or Spiritual Significance:
At its heart, this verse celebrates the unity and harmony between the divine and the forces of nature. It recognizes that the cosmos is not ruled by a distant, separate power, but by a living intelligence whose will is expressed through the energies that shape both our inner and outer worlds.
It points to a profound truth:
- The divine works not alone, but through manifold powers—creative, protective, transformative.
- Heaven and earth are not separate realms, but aspects of a single reality, harmonized by the divine for the good of all beings.
Key Deities, Concepts, and Symbols:
- Adriva (Darter of the Stone): Usually Indra, symbolizing dynamic energy, courage, and the ability to break through obstacles.
- Shushma (Powers): The energetic forces—could be seen as divine qualities or even natural laws.
- Mehanā and Ketasāpaḥ: Energies that act swiftly, intelligently, with intention.
- Heaven and Earth (Divas and Gma): Not just physical realms, but symbolic of higher consciousness and material existence.
Together, these represent the interplay between the spiritual and the material, the visible and invisible forces that shape our reality.
Connection to Universal Human Experience and Modern Life:
For a modern seeker, this verse reminds us that:
- We are supported by vast, often unseen forces—both within ourselves (courage, wisdom, intuition) and in the world around us (nature, community, the rhythms of life).
- The “divine” is not remote; it is manifest in the energies that guide and protect us, in every aspect of life.
- When we align our will with these higher powers, we participate in the harmony of creation, becoming agents of wellbeing for ourselves and others.
It encourages us to recognize and honor the powers at work within and around us, and to trust in the guidance and protection available when we act with purpose and reverence.
Cultural and Historical Context:
In Vedic times, nature was not seen as a mere backdrop, but as alive, conscious, and intimately connected to the divine. The gods were not distant; they worked through the rains, the sun, the earth—through every force of nature. Rulers, priests, and common people alike invoked these energies for protection, abundance, and guidance.
Personal Reflection:
Pause and consider: What are the “powers” in your life that help you overcome obstacles or protect what you love? Do you see the divine working through them? How can you better align yourself with the forces of harmony and wellbeing?
In Summary:
This verse invites us to see the universe as alive with conscious, benevolent energies—divine powers that work for our benefit when we acknowledge and honor them. It’s a call to trust in the unity of heaven and earth, spirit and matter, and to act with reverence and purposeful intent, knowing we are supported by the deepest currents of existence.
Let the wisdom of this ancient hymn inspire you to recognize the sacred energies within and around you, and to move through life as a co-creator of harmony and wellbeing.
Commentary
Rig Veda 5.38.4
Sanskrit:
उतो नो अस्य कस्य चिद दक्षस्य तव वर्त्रहन | अस्मभ्यं नर्म्णम आ भरास्मभ्यं नर्मणस्यसे
Romanized:
uto no asya kasya cid dakṣasya tava vṛtrahan | asmabhyaṃ nṛmṇam ā bharāsmabhyaṃ nṛmaṇasyase
1. Essential Meaning
The verse is a prayer to Indra, the mighty slayer of Vṛtra (the cosmic serpent or obstruction). The worshippers ask Indra to bestow upon them strength and capability, drawn from any aspect of his vast power. They appeal to his heroic qualities and his care for humanity, requesting that he share his heroic vigor with them.
2. Deeper Philosophical and Spiritual Significance
At its heart, this verse teaches the importance of seeking strength—not just physical, but inner strength—from a higher source. Indra, as the vanquisher of obstacles (Vṛtra), symbolizes the force that helps us overcome our own internal and external challenges. The “power” (dakṣa) mentioned is not limited; the worshippers are open to receiving help from any aspect of Indra’s divine potency. This is a humble, open-hearted request for empowerment.
The verse also implies a reciprocal relationship: the devotee approaches the divine not just as distant, but as someone who has a special concern for humanity (“you have a man’s regard for us”). It’s an invitation to see ourselves as deserving of divine aid, and to recognize the accessibility of the sacred.
3. Key Symbols and Their Meaning
- Indra (Vṛtra-han): The chief deity of the Rig Veda, associated with courage, protection, and triumph over adversity. His slaying of Vṛtra represents the victory of order over chaos, light over darkness, and freedom over bondage.
- Dakṣa: Power, ability, or competence. It is the capacity to act, create, and overcome.
- Nṛmṇa: Heroic strength or excellence, the vigor that enables one to face life’s challenges.
4. Connection to Universal and Modern Experience
We all face “Vṛtras”—obstacles, fears, doubts—that block our progress and cloud our clarity. This verse is a reminder to seek support, strength, and inspiration from something greater than ourselves, whether that’s a divine presence, the universe, or the deeper wells of our own spirit.
Just as the ancient seekers did, we can ask for the strength to meet challenges, the courage to persist, and the wisdom to act skillfully. It’s a call to not rely solely on our personal resources, but to open ourselves to the vast, often unseen, sources of power and inspiration that surround us.
5. Cultural and Historical Context
In Vedic times, Indra was the archetype of the heroic leader, the one who protects and empowers the community. The idea of seeking his “dakṣa” reflects a worldview where divine forces are intimately involved in human affairs, and where invoking these forces is an act of both humility and hope.
This verse shows the ancient practice of prayer not as passive, but as active engagement—a dialogue with the sacred, affirming human worth and aspiration.
Reflection for the Modern Seeker
This hymn invites us to: - Recognize our own struggles as part of the universal human journey - Be open to receiving help and strength from beyond our limited selves - Cultivate humility and trust in the benevolence of life or the divine - Remember that heroic strength is not just for the gods—it is meant for all who seek it with sincerity
In moments of doubt or difficulty, this verse encourages us to reach out, to ask, and to believe that we are worthy of support and transformation. The ancient wisdom is clear: no obstacle is insurmountable when we align ourselves with the sources of strength within and beyond.
In essence:
“From whatever aspect of your great power, O Indra, vanquisher of obstacles, grant us heroic strength. You care for us as one human to another—please share with us the vigor to overcome, and let us flourish with your support.”
Commentary
Certainly! Let us explore Rig Veda 5.38.5 with reverence and clarity.
Sanskrit (Romanized):
nū ta ābhir abhiṣṭibhis tava śarmañ chatakrato |
indra syāma sughopāḥ śūra syāma sughopāḥ
1. Essential Meaning in Simple Language
The verse is a prayer addressed to Indra, the mighty Vedic deity, often called the “Lord of Hundred Powers.” The devotee asks Indra for protection and shelter, expressing a wish to be well-guarded and safe under his care. It is both a call for divine aid and an affirmation of faith in Indra’s strength.
In essence:
“O Indra, with your many powers and blessings, protect us. May we live safely and securely under your shelter, O heroic one.”
2. Deeper Philosophical and Spiritual Significance
At its heart, this verse embodies the human longing for security, guidance, and a protective force in life. It acknowledges that while human effort is vital, there is a higher power whose grace ensures our well-being. By invoking Indra’s “sharma” (protection, shelter), the hymn reflects the trust in divine guardianship.
Philosophically, this is a recognition of the interplay between human striving (“abhiṣṭibhis”—efforts, aids) and divine grace. The verse teaches humility, reminding us that true safety and success often require surrender to a force greater than ourselves.
Spiritually, it is about aligning oneself with the cosmic order—seeking to be a “good guardian” (sughopāḥ), both protected and protector, living responsibly and with courage.
3. Key Concepts and Symbolism
- Indra: Symbolizes strength, courage, and the power to overcome obstacles. He is a champion of order against chaos.
- Śatakrato (“Lord of Hundred Powers”): Represents multifaceted ability—reminding us of the infinite resources within and around us.
- Śarmañ (Shelter/Protection): Symbolizes peace, safety, and the warmth of divine care.
- Sughopāḥ (Well-guarded/Good protector): Not just being guarded, but also being capable of guarding and supporting others—a cycle of care.
4. Connection to Universal Human Experience & Modern Life
This verse speaks to a timeless human need: the wish to feel safe, supported, and empowered. In today’s world, where uncertainty and challenges abound, the prayer for protection remains deeply relevant.
Modern seekers can interpret Indra not only as an external deity but also as an inner force—the strength, wisdom, and resilience within us, or the support we find in community, mentors, or faith. The verse reminds us to ask for help when needed, to value shelter and safety, and to strive to be protectors ourselves.
It also suggests that security arises from a blend of our own efforts and openness to grace, whether that comes from the divine, nature, or the goodwill of others.
5. Cultural & Historical Context
In Vedic times, Indra was the chief deity for many, seen as the cosmic defender against chaos and darkness. The hymns often reflect the existential realities of the era—battles, natural forces, and the vulnerability of human life.
But the underlying message transcends its age: the quest for shelter, support, and courage is universal. The Vedic sages put their trust in Indra, but the principle applies to any higher power or protective presence.
6. Reflections and Inspiration for Today
- Seek protection, but also become a protector: The prayer is not just for oneself but for the ability to safeguard others.
- Balance effort and surrender: Do your best, but remember that some things are beyond control; trust in a higher wisdom.
- Find strength in community and faith: Whether through spiritual practice, relationships, or self-belief, let yourself be supported and support others.
In summary:
This ancient verse invites us to honor both our own efforts and the grace that watches over us. It encourages us to seek and offer protection, to cultivate courage, and to live with trust—in ourselves, in others, and in the greater mystery of existence.
May you feel guarded and inspired, and may you help guard and inspire others, as Indra guards the world.
Commentary
Certainly! Let’s explore Rig Veda, Book 5, Hymn 38, Verse 1.
Sanskrit (Devanagari):
उरोष ट इन्द्र राधसो विभ्वी रातिः शतक्रतो | अधा नो विश्वचर्षणे दयुम्ना सुक्षत्र मंहय
Romanized:
uroṣ ṭa indra rādhaso vibhvī rātiḥ śatakrato | adhā no viśvacarṣaṇe dyumnā sukṣatra maṃhaya
1. Essential Meaning in Simple Language
O Indra, possessor of many gifts and abundant generosity, wielder of a hundred powers, may your greatness and strength be shared with us, so that we, in the company of all people, may be honored and flourish with your divine sovereignty.
2. Deeper Philosophical or Spiritual Significance
This verse is a prayer to Indra, the mighty Vedic deity of energy, strength, and leadership. The worshipper recognizes Indra’s vast abundance (“vibhvī rātiḥ”—great generosity and gifts) and implores him to share this wealth and power.
The deeper teaching:
It expresses a yearning not merely for material prosperity, but for spiritual empowerment and dignity (“dyumnā”—glory, “sukṣatra”—good leadership, “maṃhaya”—to be exalted). The verse asks that these blessings be received in a way that benefits the whole community (“viśvacarṣaṇe”—among all people).
3. Key Deities, Concepts, and Metaphors
4. Connection to Universal Human Experience and Modern Life
We all seek strength, dignity, and recognition—not only for ourselves but as a way to uplift those around us. The verse teaches that true abundance is not selfish; it is meant to be shared. Leadership is most noble when it empowers the collective, not just the individual.
For the modern seeker, this is a call to: - Cultivate inner strength and generosity, - Use your talents for the greater good, - Seek not just personal success, but the flourishing of your community, - Recognize that true honor comes when you help others rise.
5. Cultural and Historical Context
In Vedic times, Indra was invoked as the champion of the people—protector, provider, and exemplar of heroic qualities. Societies looked to their leaders to bring prosperity, but also to embody values that held the community together.
The hymn reflects a worldview where spiritual and social well-being are intertwined; the material and the moral go hand in hand.
6. Inspiring Reflection
This verse reminds us:
Let your strength be generous, your leadership uplifting, and your honor shared. Seek the blessings that empower not just yourself, but all those around you.
Eternal truth:
Greatness is not measured by what you possess, but by what you give, and how you inspire others to be their best selves.
In summary:
This ancient prayer to Indra is a timeless appeal for abundant strength, shared dignity, and community upliftment. It invites us to embody leadership that is generous, inclusive, and spiritually rich—a message as vital today as it was thousands of years ago.